<!--
Sitemap:
- [Foundry - Ethereum Development Framework](/index)
- [Anvil](/anvil/): Anvil is Foundry's local Ethereum node for development and testing.
- [Benchmarks](/benchmarks)
- [Best Practices](/best-practices): Best practices for writing contracts, tests, scripts, and managing security in Foundry projects.
- [Cast](/cast/): Cast is Foundry's command-line tool for interacting with Ethereum.
- [Changelog](/changelog/)
- [Chisel](/chisel/): Chisel is Foundry's interactive Solidity REPL for rapid prototyping and debugging.
- [Configuration](/config/): Configure Foundry with foundry.toml, profiles, and environment variables.
- [Forge](/forge/): Forge is Foundry's build, test, and deploy tool for Solidity smart contracts.
- [Guides](/guides/): Practical guides for common Foundry workflows and advanced patterns.
- [Project Setup](/projects/): Create and configure Foundry projects for smart contract development.
- [Custom methods](/anvil/custom-methods): Anvil's custom RPC methods for impersonation, mining control, and state manipulation.
- [Forking](/anvil/forking): Fork mainnet or any EVM-compatible chain with Anvil.
- [State management](/anvil/state-management): Dump and load Anvil chain state for reproducible testing.
- [ABI encoding](/cast/abi-encoding): Encode and decode ABI data, calldata, and function signatures with Cast.
- [Reading chain data](/cast/reading-chain-data): Query blockchain data with Cast — blocks, transactions, logs, and account state.
- [Sending transactions](/cast/sending-transactions): Send transactions and interact with contracts using Cast.
- [Wallet operations](/cast/wallet-operations): Manage wallets, sign messages, and verify signatures with Cast.
- [Commands](/chisel/commands): All available commands in the Chisel REPL.
- [Forking](/chisel/forking): Fork live chains in Chisel to interact with deployed contracts.
- [Session management](/chisel/session-management): Save, load, and export Chisel REPL sessions.
- [CI Integration](/config/ci): Set up Foundry in GitHub Actions and other CI systems.
- [Compiler](/config/compiler): Configure the Solidity compiler settings for your Foundry project.
- [Editor Setup](/config/editors): Configure VS Code, Vim, and other editors for Foundry projects.
- [MESC](/config/mesc): Use MESC to manage RPC endpoints across all your crypto tools from a single configuration file.
- [Profiles](/config/profiles): Use profiles to switch between configurations for development, CI, and production.
- [Testing](/config/testing): Configure testing behavior including fuzz testing and invariant testing.
- [Building contracts](/forge/build): Compile Solidity contracts with Forge.
- [Debugging](/forge/debugging): Debug Solidity contracts with Forge traces and the interactive debugger.
- [Formatting](/forge/formatting): Format Solidity code with Forge.
- [Gas tracking](/forge/gas-tracking): Track and compare gas usage with Forge snapshots and reports.
- [Linting](/forge/linting): Lint Solidity code with Forge.
- [Scripting](/forge/scripting): Deploy and interact with contracts using Forge scripts.
- [Testing](/forge/testing): Write and run tests for Solidity contracts with Forge.
- [Debugging Transactions](/guides/debugging-transactions): Replay and debug failed mainnet transactions with trace analysis.
- [Deploying Contracts](/guides/deploying-contracts): Deploy contracts from local development to testnet and mainnet with verification and deterministic addresses.
- [Deterministic Deployments with CREATE2](/guides/deterministic-deployments-using-create2): Deploy smart contracts to predictable addresses across multiple networks using CREATE2 opcode for counterfactual interactions.
- [Docker & Containers](/guides/docker): Run Foundry in Docker for reproducible builds and CI environments.
- [Fork Testing](/guides/fork-testing): Test against live chain state, impersonate accounts, and handle time-sensitive logic.
- [Gas Optimization](/guides/gas-optimization): Profile gas usage and optimize with snapshots and the IR pipeline.
- [Invariant Testing](/guides/invariant-testing): Write effective invariant tests with handler patterns and ghost variables.
- [Multi-Chain Deployments](/guides/multi-chain-deployments): Deploy the same contracts across multiple networks with per-chain configuration.
- [Stack Too Deep](/guides/stack-too-deep): Understanding and resolving the "Stack too deep" compilation error in Solidity.
- [Upgrading Contracts](/guides/upgrading-contracts): Implement proxy patterns with Forge scripts and verify storage layout compatibility.
- [FAQ](/help/faq): Frequently asked questions about Foundry and its tools.
- [Troubleshooting](/help/troubleshooting): Solutions to common Foundry errors and issues.
- [Getting Started](/introduction/getting-started): Get started with Foundry's four core tools - Forge, Cast, Anvil, and Chisel.
- [Installation](/introduction/installation): Install Foundry using foundryup, precompiled binaries, or build from source.
- [Prompting](/introduction/prompting): Use structured prompts to get better results from AI coding assistants.
- [Dependencies](/projects/dependencies): Manage dependencies using git submodules and remappings.
- [Project Layout](/projects/layout): Understand Foundry's project structure and directory conventions.
- [Soldeer](/projects/soldeer): Use Soldeer as an alternative package manager for Foundry projects.
- [cast index](/reference/cast/)
- [DSTest Reference](/reference/ds-test)
- [References](/reference/README)
- [Default foundry configuration](/config/reference/default-config)
- [Documentation Generator](/config/reference/doc-generator)
- [Etherscan](/config/reference/etherscan)
- [Formatter](/config/reference/formatter)
- [In-line test configuration](/config/reference/inline-test-config)
- [Linter Configuration](/config/reference/linter)
- [Config Overview](/config/reference/overview)
- [Project](/config/reference/project)
- [Config Reference](/config/reference/README)
- [Solidity compiler](/config/reference/solidity-compiler)
- [Testing](/config/reference/testing)
- [Foundry v1.0 migration guide](/guides/migrations/foundry-v1): Summary of breaking changes and migration steps for Foundry v1.0.
- [anvil](/reference/anvil/anvil)
- [anvil completions](/reference/anvil/completions)
- [cast 4byte](/reference/cast/4byte)
- [cast 4byte-calldata](/reference/cast/4byte-calldata)
- [cast 4byte-event](/reference/cast/4byte-event)
- [cast abi-encode](/reference/cast/abi-encode)
- [cast abi-encode-event](/reference/cast/abi-encode-event)
- [cast access-list](/reference/cast/access-list)
- [cast address-zero](/reference/cast/address-zero)
- [cast admin](/reference/cast/admin)
- [cast age](/reference/cast/age)
- [cast artifact](/reference/cast/artifact)
- [cast b2e-payload](/reference/cast/b2e-payload)
- [cast balance](/reference/cast/balance)
- [cast base-fee](/reference/cast/base-fee)
- [cast bind](/reference/cast/bind)
- [cast block](/reference/cast/block)
- [cast block-number](/reference/cast/block-number)
- [cast call](/reference/cast/call)
- [cast calldata](/reference/cast/calldata)
- [cast](/reference/cast/cast)
- [cast chain](/reference/cast/chain)
- [cast chain-id](/reference/cast/chain-id)
- [cast client](/reference/cast/client)
- [cast code](/reference/cast/code)
- [cast codehash](/reference/cast/codehash)
- [cast codesize](/reference/cast/codesize)
- [cast completions](/reference/cast/completions)
- [cast compute-address](/reference/cast/compute-address)
- [cast concat-hex](/reference/cast/concat-hex)
- [cast constructor-args](/reference/cast/constructor-args)
- [cast create2](/reference/cast/create2)
- [cast creation-code](/reference/cast/creation-code)
- [cast da-estimate](/reference/cast/da-estimate)
- [cast decode-abi](/reference/cast/decode-abi)
- [cast decode-calldata](/reference/cast/decode-calldata)
- [cast decode-error](/reference/cast/decode-error)
- [cast decode-event](/reference/cast/decode-event)
- [cast decode-string](/reference/cast/decode-string)
- [cast decode-transaction](/reference/cast/decode-transaction)
- [cast disassemble](/reference/cast/disassemble)
- [cast erc20-token](/reference/cast/erc20-token)
- [cast estimate](/reference/cast/estimate)
- [cast find-block](/reference/cast/find-block)
- [cast format-bytes32-string](/reference/cast/format-bytes32-string)
- [cast format-units](/reference/cast/format-units)
- [cast from-bin](/reference/cast/from-bin)
- [cast from-fixed-point](/reference/cast/from-fixed-point)
- [cast from-rlp](/reference/cast/from-rlp)
- [cast from-utf8](/reference/cast/from-utf8)
- [cast from-wei](/reference/cast/from-wei)
- [cast gas-price](/reference/cast/gas-price)
- [cast hash-message](/reference/cast/hash-message)
- [cast hash-zero](/reference/cast/hash-zero)
- [cast implementation](/reference/cast/implementation)
- [cast index](/reference/cast/index-cmd)
- [cast index-erc7201](/reference/cast/index-erc7201)
- [cast interface](/reference/cast/interface)
- [cast keccak](/reference/cast/keccak)
- [cast logs](/reference/cast/logs)
- [cast lookup-address](/reference/cast/lookup-address)
- [cast max-int](/reference/cast/max-int)
- [cast max-uint](/reference/cast/max-uint)
- [cast min-int](/reference/cast/min-int)
- [cast mktx](/reference/cast/mktx)
- [cast namehash](/reference/cast/namehash)
- [cast nonce](/reference/cast/nonce)
- [cast pad](/reference/cast/pad)
- [cast parse-bytes32-address](/reference/cast/parse-bytes32-address)
- [cast parse-bytes32-string](/reference/cast/parse-bytes32-string)
- [cast parse-units](/reference/cast/parse-units)
- [cast pretty-calldata](/reference/cast/pretty-calldata)
- [cast proof](/reference/cast/proof)
- [cast publish](/reference/cast/publish)
- [cast receipt](/reference/cast/receipt)
- [cast recover-authority](/reference/cast/recover-authority)
- [cast resolve-name](/reference/cast/resolve-name)
- [cast rpc](/reference/cast/rpc)
- [cast run](/reference/cast/run)
- [cast selectors](/reference/cast/selectors)
- [cast send](/reference/cast/send)
- [cast shl](/reference/cast/shl)
- [cast shr](/reference/cast/shr)
- [cast sig](/reference/cast/sig)
- [cast sig-event](/reference/cast/sig-event)
- [cast source](/reference/cast/source)
- [cast storage](/reference/cast/storage)
- [cast storage-root](/reference/cast/storage-root)
- [cast to-ascii](/reference/cast/to-ascii)
- [cast to-base](/reference/cast/to-base)
- [cast to-bytes32](/reference/cast/to-bytes32)
- [cast to-check-sum-address](/reference/cast/to-check-sum-address)
- [cast to-dec](/reference/cast/to-dec)
- [cast to-fixed-point](/reference/cast/to-fixed-point)
- [cast to-hex](/reference/cast/to-hex)
- [cast to-hexdata](/reference/cast/to-hexdata)
- [cast to-int256](/reference/cast/to-int256)
- [cast to-rlp](/reference/cast/to-rlp)
- [cast to-uint256](/reference/cast/to-uint256)
- [cast to-unit](/reference/cast/to-unit)
- [cast to-utf8](/reference/cast/to-utf8)
- [cast to-wei](/reference/cast/to-wei)
- [cast trace](/reference/cast/trace)
- [cast tx](/reference/cast/tx)
- [cast tx-pool](/reference/cast/tx-pool)
- [cast upload-signature](/reference/cast/upload-signature)
- [cast wallet](/reference/cast/wallet)
- [accesses](/reference/cheatcodes/accesses): Gets all storage slots that have been read or written to on an address
- [activeFork](/reference/cheatcodes/active-fork): Returns the identifier of the currently active fork
- [addr](/reference/cheatcodes/addr): Computes the address for a given private key
- [allowCheatcodes](/reference/cheatcodes/allow-cheatcodes): Grants cheatcode access to an address in forking mode
- [assume](/reference/cheatcodes/assume): Discards fuzz inputs that don't satisfy a condition
- [assumeNoRevert](/reference/cheatcodes/assume-no-revert): Discards fuzz inputs if the next call reverts
- [breakpoint](/reference/cheatcodes/breakpoint): Places a breakpoint for the debugger
- [broadcast](/reference/cheatcodes/broadcast): Makes the next call create a transaction that can be signed and sent onchain
- [chainId](/reference/cheatcodes/chain-id): Sets block.chainid to a specified value in Forge tests
- [clearMockedCalls](/reference/cheatcodes/clear-mocked-calls): Clears all mocked calls
- [coinbase](/reference/cheatcodes/coinbase): Sets block.coinbase to a specified address
- [copyStorage](/reference/cheatcodes/copy-storage): Copies storage from one contract to another
- [createFork](/reference/cheatcodes/create-fork): Creates a new fork from an RPC endpoint
- [createSelectFork](/reference/cheatcodes/create-select-fork): Creates and activates a new fork in one call
- [createWallet](/reference/cheatcodes/create-wallet): Creates a new Wallet struct with address and keys
- [deal](/reference/cheatcodes/deal): Sets the ETH balance of an address
- [deriveKey](/reference/cheatcodes/derive-key): Derives a private key from a mnemonic phrase
- [difficulty](/reference/cheatcodes/difficulty): Sets block.difficulty for pre-merge EVM versions in Forge tests
- [envAddress](/reference/cheatcodes/env-address): Reads an environment variable as address or address[]
- [envBool](/reference/cheatcodes/env-bool): Reads an environment variable as bool or bool[]
- [envBytes](/reference/cheatcodes/env-bytes): Reads an environment variable as bytes or bytes[]
- [envBytes32](/reference/cheatcodes/env-bytes32): Reads an environment variable as bytes32 or bytes32[]
- [envInt](/reference/cheatcodes/env-int): Reads an environment variable as int256 or int256[]
- [envOr](/reference/cheatcodes/env-or): Reads an environment variable with a default fallback value
- [envString](/reference/cheatcodes/env-string): Reads an environment variable as string or string[]
- [envUint](/reference/cheatcodes/env-uint): Reads an environment variable as uint256 or uint256[]
- [etch](/reference/cheatcodes/etch): Sets the bytecode of an address to custom code
- [expectCall](/reference/cheatcodes/expect-call): Asserts that a specific call is made during test execution
- [expectEmit](/reference/cheatcodes/expect-emit): Asserts that specific events are emitted during the next call
- [expectRevert](/reference/cheatcodes/expect-revert): Asserts that the next call reverts with optional message matching
- [fee](/reference/cheatcodes/fee): Sets block.basefee to a specified value in Forge tests
- [ffi](/reference/cheatcodes/ffi): Calls an arbitrary external command
- [File Cheatcodes](/reference/cheatcodes/fs): File system operations for reading, writing, and managing files
- [snapshotGas cheatcodes](/reference/cheatcodes/gas-snapshots): Capture and compare gas usage across test runs
- [getBlockNumber](/reference/cheatcodes/get-block-number): Gets the current block.number, avoiding IR compilation optimization issues
- [getBlockTimestamp](/reference/cheatcodes/get-block-timestamp): Gets the current block.timestamp, avoiding IR compilation optimization issues
- [getCode](/reference/cheatcodes/get-code): Returns the creation bytecode for a contract in the project
- [getDeployedCode](/reference/cheatcodes/get-deployed-code): Returns the deployed (runtime) bytecode for a contract in the project
- [getLabel](/reference/cheatcodes/get-label): Retrieves the label for an address
- [getNonce](/reference/cheatcodes/get-nonce): Gets the nonce of an account or wallet
- [getRecordedLogs](/reference/cheatcodes/get-recorded-logs): Gets all emitted events recorded by recordLogs
- [isContext](/reference/cheatcodes/is-context): Checks the current Forge execution context
- [isPersistent](/reference/cheatcodes/is-persistent): Checks if an account is marked as persistent across forks
- [keyExists](/reference/cheatcodes/key-exists): Checks if a key exists in a JSON string (deprecated)
- [keyExistsJson](/reference/cheatcodes/key-exists-json): Checks if a key exists in a JSON string
- [keyExistsToml](/reference/cheatcodes/key-exists-toml): Checks if a key exists in a TOML table
- [label](/reference/cheatcodes/label): Sets a label for an address in test traces
- [load](/reference/cheatcodes/load): Loads a value from a specific storage slot of an account
- [makePersistent](/reference/cheatcodes/make-persistent): Marks accounts as persistent across fork switches
- [mockCall](/reference/cheatcodes/mock-call): Mocks calls to an address with specific calldata to return specified data
- [mockCallRevert](/reference/cheatcodes/mock-call-revert): Mocks calls to an address to revert with specified data
- [mockCalls](/reference/cheatcodes/mock-calls): Mocks calls to return different data for each successive invocation
- [mockFunction](/reference/cheatcodes/mock-function): Executes calls to an address using bytecode from another address
- [Cheatcodes Reference](/reference/cheatcodes/overview)
- [parseAddress](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-address): Parses a hex string into an address
- [parseBool](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-bool): Parses a string into a bool
- [parseBytes](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-bytes): Parses a hex string into bytes
- [parseBytes32](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-bytes32): Parses a hex string into bytes32
- [parseInt](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-int): Parses a string into an int256
- [parseJson](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-json): Parses JSON files and returns values as ABI-encoded bytes
- [parseJsonKeys](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-json-keys): Gets list of keys present in a JSON string
- [parseToml](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-toml): Parses TOML files and returns values as ABI-encoded bytes
- [parseTomlKeys](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-toml-keys): Gets list of keys present in a TOML string
- [parseUint](/reference/cheatcodes/parse-uint): Parses a string into a uint256
- [pauseGasMetering](/reference/cheatcodes/pause-gas-metering): Pauses gas metering so gasleft() does not decrease
- [prank](/reference/cheatcodes/prank): Sets msg.sender for the next call to a specified address
- [prevrandao](/reference/cheatcodes/prevrandao): Sets block.prevrandao for post-merge EVM versions in Forge tests
- [projectRoot](/reference/cheatcodes/project-root): Returns the root directory of the current Foundry project
- [prompt](/reference/cheatcodes/prompt): Displays an interactive prompt for user input in scripts
- [readCallers](/reference/cheatcodes/read-callers): Reads the current caller mode, msg.sender, and tx.origin
- [record](/reference/cheatcodes/record): Starts recording all storage reads and writes
- [recordLogs](/reference/cheatcodes/record-logs): Starts recording all emitted events
- [rememberKey](/reference/cheatcodes/remember-key): Stores a private key in forge's local wallet for broadcasting
- [resetGasMetering](/reference/cheatcodes/reset-gas-metering): Resets gas metering to the gas limit of the current execution frame
- [resumeGasMetering](/reference/cheatcodes/resume-gas-metering): Resumes gas metering after it was paused
- [revokePersistent](/reference/cheatcodes/revoke-persistent): Removes persistent status from accounts
- [roll](/reference/cheatcodes/roll): Sets block.number to a specified value in Forge tests
- [rollFork](/reference/cheatcodes/roll-fork): Sets the block number of a fork
- [RPC Cheatcodes](/reference/cheatcodes/rpc): Access configured RPC endpoints and make JSON-RPC calls
- [selectFork](/reference/cheatcodes/select-fork): Activates a previously created fork
- [serializeJson](/reference/cheatcodes/serialize-json): Serializes values as a stringified JSON object
- [setArbitraryStorage](/reference/cheatcodes/set-arbitrary-storage): Makes the storage of an address fully symbolic
- [setEnv](/reference/cheatcodes/set-env): Sets an environment variable
- [setNonce](/reference/cheatcodes/set-nonce): Sets the nonce of an account
- [sign](/reference/cheatcodes/sign): Signs a digest with a private key, returning (v, r, s)
- [signDelegation](/reference/cheatcodes/sign-delegation): Signs and attaches EIP-7702 authorization for account delegation
- [skip](/reference/cheatcodes/skip): Marks a test as skipped conditionally
- [sleep](/reference/cheatcodes/sleep): Pauses execution for a specified duration
- [startBroadcast](/reference/cheatcodes/start-broadcast): Makes all subsequent calls create transactions that can be signed and sent onchain
- [startPrank](/reference/cheatcodes/start-prank): Sets msg.sender for all subsequent calls until stopPrank is called
- [startStateDiffRecording](/reference/cheatcodes/start-state-diff-recording): Starts recording all state changes during execution
- [snapshotState cheatcodes](/reference/cheatcodes/state-snapshots): Snapshot and restore EVM state
- [stopAndReturnStateDiff](/reference/cheatcodes/stop-and-return-state-diff): Stops state diff recording and returns all recorded state changes
- [stopBroadcast](/reference/cheatcodes/stop-broadcast): Stops collecting transactions for onchain broadcasting
- [stopPrank](/reference/cheatcodes/stop-prank): Stops an active prank, resetting msg.sender and tx.origin
- [store](/reference/cheatcodes/store): Stores a value in a specific storage slot of an account
- [toString](/reference/cheatcodes/to-string): Converts any type to its string representation
- [transact](/reference/cheatcodes/transact): Fetches and executes a transaction from a fork
- [txGasPrice](/reference/cheatcodes/tx-gas-price): Sets tx.gasprice for the rest of the transaction
- [unixTime](/reference/cheatcodes/unix-time): Returns the current unix timestamp in milliseconds
- [warp](/reference/cheatcodes/warp): Sets block.timestamp to a specified value in Forge tests
- [writeJson](/reference/cheatcodes/write-json): Writes a serialized JSON object to a file
- [writeToml](/reference/cheatcodes/write-toml): Writes a serialized JSON object to a TOML file
- [chisel](/reference/chisel/chisel)
- [chisel clear-cache](/reference/chisel/clear-cache)
- [chisel eval](/reference/chisel/eval)
- [chisel list](/reference/chisel/list)
- [chisel load](/reference/chisel/load)
- [chisel view](/reference/chisel/view)
- [Base Options](/reference/common/base-options)
- [Create Option](/reference/common/cast-estimate-create-option)
- [Display Options](/reference/common/display-options)
- [Etherscan Options](/reference/common/etherscan-options)
- [Wallet Options - Hardware Wallet](/reference/common/multi-wallet-options-hardware)
- [Wallet Options - Keystore](/reference/common/multi-wallet-options-keystore)
- [Wallet Options - Raw](/reference/common/multi-wallet-options-raw)
- [Wallet Options - Remote](/reference/common/multi-wallet-options-remote)
- [RPC Options](/reference/common/rpc-options)
- [Transaction Options](/reference/common/transaction-options)
- [Wallet Options - Hardware Wallet](/reference/common/wallet-options-hardware)
- [Wallet Options - Keystore](/reference/common/wallet-options-keystore)
- [WALLET OPTIONS - RAW:](/reference/common/wallet-options-raw)
- [Wallet Options - Remote](/reference/common/wallet-options-remote)
- [abs](/reference/forge-std/abs)
- [arithmeticError](/reference/forge-std/arithmeticError)
- [assertApproxEqAbs](/reference/forge-std/assertApproxEqAbs)
- [assertApproxEqAbsDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertApproxEqAbsDecimal)
- [assertApproxEqRel](/reference/forge-std/assertApproxEqRel)
- [assertApproxEqRelDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertApproxEqRelDecimal)
- [assertEq](/reference/forge-std/assertEq)
- [assertEqDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertEqDecimal)
- [assertFalse](/reference/forge-std/assertFalse)
- [assertGe](/reference/forge-std/assertGe)
- [assertGeDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertGeDecimal)
- [assertGt](/reference/forge-std/assertGt)
- [assertGtDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertGtDecimal)
- [assertionError](/reference/forge-std/assertionError)
- [assertLe](/reference/forge-std/assertLe)
- [assertLeDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertLeDecimal)
- [assertLt](/reference/forge-std/assertLt)
- [assertLtDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertLtDecimal)
- [assertNotEq](/reference/forge-std/assertNotEq)
- [assertNotEqDecimal](/reference/forge-std/assertNotEqDecimal)
- [assertTrue](/reference/forge-std/assertTrue)
- [assumeNotPrecompile](/reference/forge-std/assume-no-precompiles)
- [assumePayable](/reference/forge-std/assume-payable)
- [bound](/reference/forge-std/bound)
- [changePrank](/reference/forge-std/change-prank)
- [checked_write](/reference/forge-std/checked_write)
- [computeCreateAddress](/reference/forge-std/compute-create-address)
- [Config](/reference/forge-std/config)
- [Console Logging](/reference/forge-std/console-log)
- [deal](/reference/forge-std/deal)
- [delta](/reference/forge-std/delta)
- [deployCode](/reference/forge-std/deployCode)
- [deployCodeTo](/reference/forge-std/deployCodeTo)
- [depth](/reference/forge-std/depth)
- [deriveRememberKey](/reference/forge-std/derive-remember-key)
- [divisionError](/reference/forge-std/divisionError)
- [enable_packed_slots](/reference/forge-std/enable_packed_slots)
- [encodeStorageError](/reference/forge-std/encodeStorageError)
- [enumConversionError](/reference/forge-std/enumConversionError)
- [fail](/reference/forge-std/fail)
- [find](/reference/forge-std/find)
- [hoax](/reference/forge-std/hoax)
- [indexOOBError](/reference/forge-std/indexOOBError)
- [makeAddr](/reference/forge-std/make-addr)
- [makeAddrAndKey](/reference/forge-std/make-addr-and-key)
- [memOverflowError](/reference/forge-std/memOverflowError)
- [noGasMetering](/reference/forge-std/noGasMetering)
- [Forge Standard Library Reference](/reference/forge-std/overview)
- [percentDelta](/reference/forge-std/percentDelta)
- [popError](/reference/forge-std/popError)
- [read](/reference/forge-std/read)
- [rewind](/reference/forge-std/rewind)
- [Script Utils](/reference/forge-std/script-utils)
- [sig](/reference/forge-std/sig)
- [skip](/reference/forge-std/skip)
- [startHoax](/reference/forge-std/startHoax)
- [Std Assertions](/reference/forge-std/std-assertions)
- [Std Cheats](/reference/forge-std/std-cheats)
- [StdConfig](/reference/forge-std/std-config)
- [Std Errors](/reference/forge-std/std-errors)
- [Std Logs](/reference/forge-std/std-logs)
- [Std Math](/reference/forge-std/std-math)
- [Std Storage](/reference/forge-std/std-storage)
- [target](/reference/forge-std/target)
- [with_key](/reference/forge-std/with_key)
- [zeroVarError](/reference/forge-std/zeroVarError)
- [forge bind](/reference/forge/bind)
- [forge bind-json](/reference/forge/bind-json)
- [forge build](/reference/forge/build)
- [forge cache](/reference/forge/cache)
- [forge clean](/reference/forge/clean)
- [forge clone](/reference/forge/clone)
- [forge compiler](/reference/forge/compiler)
- [forge completions](/reference/forge/completions)
- [forge config](/reference/forge/config)
- [forge coverage](/reference/forge/coverage)
- [forge create](/reference/forge/create)
- [forge doc](/reference/forge/doc)
- [forge eip712](/reference/forge/eip712)
- [forge flatten](/reference/forge/flatten)
- [forge fmt](/reference/forge/fmt)
- [forge](/reference/forge/forge)
- [forge geiger](/reference/forge/geiger)
- [forge generate](/reference/forge/generate)
- [forge init](/reference/forge/init)
- [forge inspect](/reference/forge/inspect)
- [forge install](/reference/forge/install)
- [forge lint](/reference/forge/lint)
- [forge remappings](/reference/forge/remappings)
- [forge remove](/reference/forge/remove)
- [forge script](/reference/forge/script)
- [forge selectors](/reference/forge/selectors)
- [forge snapshot](/reference/forge/snapshot)
- [forge soldeer](/reference/forge/soldeer)
- [forge test](/reference/forge/test)
- [forge tree](/reference/forge/tree)
- [forge update](/reference/forge/update)
- [forge verify-bytecode](/reference/forge/verify-bytecode)
- [forge verify-check](/reference/forge/verify-check)
- [forge verify-contract](/reference/forge/verify-contract)
- [cast call --create](/reference/cast/call/--create)
- [cast erc20-token allowance](/reference/cast/erc20-token/allowance)
- [cast erc20-token approve](/reference/cast/erc20-token/approve)
- [cast erc20-token balance](/reference/cast/erc20-token/balance)
- [cast erc20-token burn](/reference/cast/erc20-token/burn)
- [cast erc20-token decimals](/reference/cast/erc20-token/decimals)
- [cast erc20-token mint](/reference/cast/erc20-token/mint)
- [cast erc20-token name](/reference/cast/erc20-token/name)
- [cast erc20-token symbol](/reference/cast/erc20-token/symbol)
- [cast erc20-token total-supply](/reference/cast/erc20-token/total-supply)
- [cast erc20-token transfer](/reference/cast/erc20-token/transfer)
- [cast estimate --create](/reference/cast/estimate/--create)
- [cast mktx --create](/reference/cast/mktx/--create)
- [cast send --create](/reference/cast/send/--create)
- [cast tx-pool content](/reference/cast/tx-pool/content)
- [cast tx-pool content-from](/reference/cast/tx-pool/content-from)
- [cast tx-pool inspect](/reference/cast/tx-pool/inspect)
- [cast tx-pool status](/reference/cast/tx-pool/status)
- [cast wallet address](/reference/cast/wallet/address)
- [cast wallet change-password](/reference/cast/wallet/change-password)
- [cast wallet decrypt-keystore](/reference/cast/wallet/decrypt-keystore)
- [cast wallet derive](/reference/cast/wallet/derive)
- [cast wallet import](/reference/cast/wallet/import)
- [cast wallet list](/reference/cast/wallet/list)
- [cast wallet new](/reference/cast/wallet/new)
- [cast wallet new-mnemonic](/reference/cast/wallet/new-mnemonic)
- [cast wallet private-key](/reference/cast/wallet/private-key)
- [cast wallet public-key](/reference/cast/wallet/public-key)
- [cast wallet remove](/reference/cast/wallet/remove)
- [cast wallet sign](/reference/cast/wallet/sign)
- [cast wallet sign-auth](/reference/cast/wallet/sign-auth)
- [cast wallet vanity](/reference/cast/wallet/vanity)
- [cast wallet verify](/reference/cast/wallet/verify)
- [forge cache clean](/reference/forge/cache/clean)
- [forge cache ls](/reference/forge/cache/ls)
- [forge compiler resolve](/reference/forge/compiler/resolve)
- [forge generate test](/reference/forge/generate/test)
- [forge selectors cache](/reference/forge/selectors/cache)
- [forge selectors collision](/reference/forge/selectors/collision)
- [forge selectors find](/reference/forge/selectors/find)
- [forge selectors list](/reference/forge/selectors/list)
- [forge selectors upload](/reference/forge/selectors/upload)
- [forge soldeer clean](/reference/forge/soldeer/clean)
- [forge soldeer init](/reference/forge/soldeer/init)
- [forge soldeer install](/reference/forge/soldeer/install)
- [forge soldeer login](/reference/forge/soldeer/login)
- [forge soldeer push](/reference/forge/soldeer/push)
- [forge soldeer uninstall](/reference/forge/soldeer/uninstall)
- [forge soldeer update](/reference/forge/soldeer/update)
- [forge soldeer version](/reference/forge/soldeer/version)
-->

## cast call

Perform a call on an account without publishing a transaction

:::terminal

```bash
$ cast call --help
```

```txt
Usage: cast call [OPTIONS] [TO] [SIG] [ARGS]... [COMMAND]

Commands:
  --create  ignores the address field and simulates creating a contract
  help      Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)

Arguments:
  [TO]
          The destination of the transaction

  [SIG]
          The signature of the function to call

  [ARGS]...
          The arguments of the function to call

Options:
      --data <DATA>
          Raw hex-encoded data for the transaction. Used instead of \[SIG\] and
          \[ARGS\]

      --trace
          Forks the remote rpc, executes the transaction locally and prints a
          trace

      --disable-labels
          Disables the labels in the traces. Can only be set with `--trace`

      --debug
          Opens an interactive debugger. Can only be used with `--trace`

      --decode-internal
          Identify internal functions in traces.
          
          This will trace internal functions and decode stack parameters.
          
          Parameters stored in memory (such as bytes or arrays) are currently
          decoded only when a single function is matched, similarly to
          `--debug`, for performance reasons.

      --labels <LABELS>
          Labels to apply to the traces; format: `address:label`. Can only be
          used with `--trace`

      --evm-version <EVM_VERSION>
          The EVM Version to use. Can only be used with `--trace`

  -b, --block <BLOCK>
          The block height to query at.
          
          Can also be the tags earliest, finalized, safe, latest, or pending.

  -h, --help
          Print help (see a summary with '-h')

  -j, --threads <THREADS>
          Number of threads to use. Specifying 0 defaults to the number of
          logical cores
          
          [aliases: --jobs]

Transaction options:
      --gas-limit <GAS_LIMIT>
          Gas limit for the transaction
          
          [env: ETH_GAS_LIMIT=]

      --gas-price <PRICE>
          Gas price for legacy transactions, or max fee per gas for EIP1559
          transactions, either specified in wei, or as a string with a unit
          type.
          
          Examples: 1ether, 10gwei, 0.01ether
          
          [env: ETH_GAS_PRICE=]

      --priority-gas-price <PRICE>
          Max priority fee per gas for EIP1559 transactions
          
          [env: ETH_PRIORITY_GAS_PRICE=]

      --value <VALUE>
          Ether to send in the transaction, either specified in wei, or as a
          string with a unit type.
          
          Examples: 1ether, 10gwei, 0.01ether

      --nonce <NONCE>
          Nonce for the transaction

      --legacy
          Send a legacy transaction instead of an EIP1559 transaction.
          
          This is automatically enabled for common networks without EIP1559.

      --blob
          Send a blob transaction using EIP-7594 (PeerDAS) format.
          
          Note: Use with `--eip4844` for the legacy EIP-4844 format.

      --eip4844
          Send a blob transaction using EIP-4844 (legacy) format instead of
          EIP-7594. Must be used with `--blob`

      --blob-gas-price <BLOB_PRICE>
          Gas price for EIP-7594/EIP-4844 blob transaction
          
          [env: ETH_BLOB_GAS_PRICE=]

      --auth <AUTH>
          EIP-7702 authorization list.
          
          Can be either a hex-encoded signed authorization or an address.

      --access-list [<ACCESS_LIST>]
          EIP-2930 access list.
          
          Accepts either a JSON-encoded access list or an empty value to create
          the access list via an RPC call to `eth_createAccessList`. To retrieve
          only the access list portion, use the `cast access-list` command.

Tempo:
      --tempo.fee-token <FEE_TOKEN>
          Fee token address for Tempo transactions.
          
          When set, builds a Tempo (type 0x76) transaction that pays gas fees in
          the specified token.
          
          If this is not set, the fee token is chosen according to network
          rules. See the Tempo docs for more information.

      --tempo.seq <SEQUENCE_KEY>
          Nonce sequence key for Tempo transactions.
          
          When set, builds a Tempo (type 0x76) transaction with the specified
          nonce sequence key.
          
          If this is not set, the protocol sequence key (0) will be used.
          
          For more information see
          [https://docs.tempo.xyz/protocol/transactions/spec-tempo-transaction#parallelizable-nonces](https://docs.tempo.xyz/protocol/transactions/spec-tempo-transaction#parallelizable-nonces).

      --tempo.sponsor-sig <SPONSOR_SIGNATURE>
          Sponsor (fee payer) signature for Tempo sponsored transactions.
          
          The sponsor signs the `fee_payer_signature_hash` to commit to paying
          gas fees on behalf of the sender. Provide as a hex-encoded signature.

      --tempo.print-sponsor-hash
          Print the sponsor signature hash and exit.
          
          Computes the `fee_payer_signature_hash` for the transaction so that a
          sponsor knows what hash to sign. The transaction is not sent.

      --tempo.key-id <KEY_ID>
          Access key ID for Tempo Keychain signature transactions.
          
          Used during gas estimation to override the key_id that would normally
          be recovered from the signature.

      --tempo.expiring-nonce
          Enable expiring nonce mode for Tempo transactions.
          
          Sets nonce to 0 and nonce_key to U256::MAX, enabling time-bounded
          transaction validity via `--tempo.valid-before` and
          `--tempo.valid-after`.

      --tempo.valid-before <VALID_BEFORE>
          Upper bound timestamp for Tempo expiring nonce transactions.
          
          The transaction is only valid before this unix timestamp. Requires
          `--tempo.expiring-nonce`.

      --tempo.valid-after <VALID_AFTER>
          Lower bound timestamp for Tempo expiring nonce transactions.
          
          The transaction is only valid after this unix timestamp. Requires
          `--tempo.expiring-nonce`.

Rpc options:
  -r, --rpc-url <URL>
          The RPC endpoint, default value is http://localhost:8545
          
          [env: ETH_RPC_URL=]

  -k, --insecure
          Allow insecure RPC connections (accept invalid HTTPS certificates).
          
          When the provider's inner runtime transport variant is HTTP, this
          configures the reqwest client to accept invalid certificates.

      --no-proxy
          Disable automatic proxy detection.
          
          Use this in sandboxed environments (e.g., Cursor IDE sandbox, macOS
          App Sandbox) where system proxy detection causes crashes. When
          enabled, HTTP_PROXY/HTTPS_PROXY environment variables and system proxy
          settings will be ignored.

      --flashbots
          Use the Flashbots RPC URL with fast mode
          ([https://rpc.flashbots.net/fast](https://rpc.flashbots.net/fast)).
          
          This shares the transaction privately with all registered builders.
          
          See:
          [https://docs.flashbots.net/flashbots-protect/quick-start#faster-transactions](https://docs.flashbots.net/flashbots-protect/quick-start#faster-transactions)

      --jwt-secret <JWT_SECRET>
          JWT Secret for the RPC endpoint.
          
          The JWT secret will be used to create a JWT for a RPC. For example,
          the following can be used to simulate a CL `engine_forkchoiceUpdated`
          call:
          
          cast rpc --jwt-secret <JWT_SECRET> engine_forkchoiceUpdatedV2
          '["0x6bb38c26db65749ab6e472080a3d20a2f35776494e72016d1e339593f21c59bc",
          "0x6bb38c26db65749ab6e472080a3d20a2f35776494e72016d1e339593f21c59bc",
          "0x6bb38c26db65749ab6e472080a3d20a2f35776494e72016d1e339593f21c59bc"]'
          
          [env: ETH_RPC_JWT_SECRET=]

      --rpc-timeout <RPC_TIMEOUT>
          Timeout for the RPC request in seconds.
          
          The specified timeout will be used to override the default timeout for
          RPC requests.
          
          Default value: 45
          
          [env: ETH_RPC_TIMEOUT=]

      --rpc-headers <RPC_HEADERS>
          Specify custom headers for RPC requests
          
          [env: ETH_RPC_HEADERS=]

      --curl
          Print the equivalent curl command instead of making the RPC request

Wallet options - raw:
  -f, --from <ADDRESS>
          The sender account
          
          [env: ETH_FROM=]

  -i, --interactive
          Open an interactive prompt to enter your private key

      --private-key <RAW_PRIVATE_KEY>
          Use the provided private key

      --mnemonic <MNEMONIC>
          Use the mnemonic phrase of mnemonic file at the specified path

      --mnemonic-passphrase <PASSPHRASE>
          Use a BIP39 passphrase for the mnemonic

      --mnemonic-derivation-path <PATH>
          The wallet derivation path.
          
          Works with both --mnemonic-path and hardware wallets.

      --mnemonic-index <INDEX>
          Use the private key from the given mnemonic index.
          
          Used with --mnemonic-path.
          
          [default: 0]

  -c, --chain <CHAIN>
          [env: CHAIN=]

      --with-local-artifacts
          Use current project artifacts for trace decoding
          
          [aliases: --la]

      --override-balance <ADDRESS:BALANCE>
          Override the accounts balance. Format:
          "address:balance,address:balance"

      --override-nonce <ADDRESS:NONCE>
          Override the accounts nonce. Format: "address:nonce,address:nonce"

      --override-code <ADDRESS:CODE>
          Override the accounts code. Format: "address:code,address:code"

      --override-state <ADDRESS:SLOT:VALUE>
          Override the accounts state and replace the current state entirely
          with the new one. Format: "address:slot:value,address:slot:value"

      --override-state-diff <ADDRESS:SLOT:VALUE>
          Override the accounts state specific slots and preserve the rest of
          the state. Format: "address:slot:value,address:slot:value"

      --block.time <TIME>
          Override the block timestamp

      --block.number <NUMBER>
          Override the block number

Wallet options - keystore:
      --keystore <PATH>
          Use the keystore in the given folder or file
          
          [env: ETH_KEYSTORE=]

      --account <ACCOUNT_NAME>
          Use a keystore from the default keystores folder
          (~/.foundry/keystores) by its filename
          
          [env: ETH_KEYSTORE_ACCOUNT=]

      --password <PASSWORD>
          The keystore password.
          
          Used with --keystore.

      --password-file <PASSWORD_FILE>
          The keystore password file path.
          
          Used with --keystore.
          
          [env: ETH_PASSWORD=]

Wallet options - hardware wallet:
  -l, --ledger
          Use a Ledger hardware wallet

  -t, --trezor
          Use a Trezor hardware wallet

Wallet options - remote:
      --aws
          Use AWS Key Management Service.
          
          Ensure the AWS_KMS_KEY_ID environment variable is set.

      --gcp
          Use Google Cloud Key Management Service.
          
          Ensure the following environment variables are set: GCP_PROJECT_ID,
          GCP_LOCATION, GCP_KEY_RING, GCP_KEY_NAME, GCP_KEY_VERSION.
          
          See: [https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs](https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs)

      --turnkey
          Use Turnkey.
          
          Ensure the following environment variables are set:
          TURNKEY_API_PRIVATE_KEY, TURNKEY_ORGANIZATION_ID, TURNKEY_ADDRESS.
          
          See: [https://docs.turnkey.com/getting-started/quickstart](https://docs.turnkey.com/getting-started/quickstart)

Display options:
      --color <COLOR>
          The color of the log messages

          Possible values:
          - auto:   Intelligently guess whether to use color output (default)
          - always: Force color output
          - never:  Force disable color output

      --json
          Format log messages as JSON

      --md
          Format log messages as Markdown

  -q, --quiet
          Do not print log messages

  -v, --verbosity...
          Verbosity level of the log messages.
          
          Pass multiple times to increase the verbosity (e.g. -v, -vv, -vvv).
          
          Depending on the context the verbosity levels have different meanings.
          
          For example, the verbosity levels of the EVM are:
          - 2 (-vv): Print logs for all tests.
          - 3 (-vvv): Print execution traces for failing tests.
          - 4 (-vvvv): Print execution traces for all tests, and setup traces
          for failing tests.
          - 5 (-vvvvv): Print execution and setup traces for all tests,
          including storage changes and
            backtraces with line numbers.
```

:::
